A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Government Compensation of Kidney Donors 政府补贴捐肾者的成本效益分析 作者：Alex Tabarrok @ 2015-11-25

译者：Eartha（@王小贰_Eartha)

校对：小册子（@昵称被抢的小册子）

来源：Marginal Revolution， http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2015/11/a-cost-bene%EF%AC%81t-analysis-of-government-compensation-of-kidney-donors.html The latest issue of the American Journal of Transplantation has an excellent and comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of paying kidney donors by Held, McCormick, Ojo, and Roberts.

最新一期【 译注：即2015年第十期 】的《美国移植杂志》刊登了一篇由Held, McCormick, Ojo, 与 Roberts合著的文章，出色且全面地描述了关于支付捐肾者报酬的成本效益分析。

Earlier, Becker and Elias estimated that a payment of $15,000 per living donor would be sufficient to eliminate the US waiting list. The authors adopt a larger figure of $45,000 for living donors and $10,000 for deceased donors and find that even at these rates paying donors generates benefits far in excess of costs.

早些时候，Becker与 Elias就估算过，如果向每位活体捐赠者支付15,000美元，就会有足够的捐赠者来满足全美的肾脏移植需求。上述论文的作者们在分析中采用了更高的补贴数额，给予活体捐献者45,000美元，遗体捐献者10,000美元。结果显示，即使以这样的高价格补贴捐献者，其产生的效益也远超过成本。

In particular, a program of government compensation of kidney donors would provide the following benefits (quoting from the article):

具体而言，政府补贴捐肾者的计划将会带来下列好处（摘自该文章）： Transplant kidneys would be readily available to all patients who had a medical need for them, which would prevent 5000 to 10 000 premature deaths each year and significantly reduce the suffering of 100 000 more receiving dialysis. 所有有医疗需求的患者都能够顺利地获得肾脏移植，每年将会挽救5,000至10,000例早逝患者，并为超过100,000名依赖透析的患者极大地减缓病痛。 This would be particularly beneficial to patients who are poor and African American because they are considerably overrepresented on the transplant waiting list. Indeed, it would be a boon to poor kidney recipients because it would enable them to reap the great benefits of transplantation at very little expense to themselves. 穷人和非裔病患将尤其从中受益，因为他们在移植等候名单中明显占据了多数。对于贫苦的肾脏移植接受者来说，这的确是一件好事，因为这将使得他们能以非常低的价格享受到肾脏移植的巨大好处。 Because transplant candidates would no longer have to spend almost 5 years receiving dialysis while waiting for a transplant kidney, they would be younger and healthier when they receive their transplant, increasing the chances of a successful transplantation. 因为移植接受者将不必再依赖透析等待近5年，他们接受移植的时候也会更加年轻与健康，移植的成功率将会得到提高。 With a large number of transplant kidneys available, it would be much easier to ensure the medical compatibility of donors and recipients, which would increase the success rate of transplantation. 由于有大量的肾脏可供移植，捐献者与受移植者在医学上的相容性会更容易得到保障，这也会提高移植的成功率。 Taxpayers would save about $12 billion each year. Dialysis is not only an inferior therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), it is also almost 4 times as expensive per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained as a transplant. 纳锐人将因此每年节省大约120亿美元。对末期肾衰竭（ESRD）患者来说，肾透析不仅是一种次等的治疗方法，而且延长每个经质量调整寿命年（QALY）的花费，几乎是肾移植的四倍。【译注：QALY是一种经调整的期望寿命，其计算方式是将实际年数乘上该健康状态下的效用价值。如果在效用价值为5的健康状态持续3年，QALY就等于1.5，相当于保持1.5年的完美健康状态。】 （编辑：辉格@whigzhou） *注：本译文未经原作者授权，本站对原文不持有也不主张任何权利，如果你恰好对原文拥有权益并希望我们移除相关内容，请私信联系，我们会立即作出响应。 ——海德沙龙·翻译组，致力于将英文世界的好文章搬进中文世界——