[译文]美国的言论自由危机

Censorship in America 美国的言论审查作者：John Stossel @2015-10-14

翻译：Drunkplane

校对：小册子

来源： CREATORS.COM ， https://reason.com/archives/2015/10/14/censorship-in-america Free speech matters 言论自由很重要 Support for the idea that it's good to hear all opinions, even offensive ones, is thin. A plurality of Americans now support laws against "hate speech."

“所有意见都听听是有好处的，哪怕是让人感到被冒犯的意见”——支持这种观点的声音已变得羸弱。如今大多数美国人支持立法针对“仇恨言论”。

Conservatives once wanted to ban Playboy magazine, violent rap lyrics and offensive depictions of Jesus. Leftists then were right to fight such bans, but today leftists encourage censorship in the name of "tolerance."

保守派曾经试图禁止《花花公子》杂志、狂暴的说唱音乐和对耶稣的不敬描写。左派当时站出来与此等禁令作斗争是正确的，但如今他们却以“宽容”之名鼓励言论审查。

Scientist Matt Taylor helped land a probe on a comet for the first time in history. But because he explained his achievement while wearing a T-shirt that had cartoons of sexy women on it (designed by a female friend of his), writer Rose Eveleth of The Atlantic tweeted that Taylor "ruined" the comet landing. The public outcry against him was so great that he cried at an apologetic press conference.

科学家Matt Taylor曾为史上首次探测器降落彗星表面做出贡献，但因为在解释该项成就时，他穿了一件印有性感卡通女郎的T恤（由Taylor的一位女性朋友所设计），《大西洋》杂志的评论员Rose Eveleth发推说Taylor“毁了”这一着陆计划。大众指责的声浪淹没了Taylor，让他在后来的致歉新闻发布会上一度落泪。 Silicon Valley entrepreneur Brendan Eich created JavaScript and helped start Mozilla Firefox. But when activists discovered that he'd once donated $1,000 to support California's Proposition 8 banning gay marriage, they attacked him as "a hater." A year and a half later, Eich still can't find a job.

硅谷企业家Brendan Eich发明了JavaScriptScript语言并协助创建火狐浏览器。但是当活动家们发现他曾为禁止同性婚姻的加州8号提案捐献过1000美元后，他们便攻击他是“仇恨者”。之后一年半的时间里Eich都无法找到工作。

When Eich donated the money, Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton opposed gay marriage, too. But in just five years, such opinions have become so "unacceptable" that a tech genius is ostracized by his own industry.

Eich捐这笔钱的时候，奥巴马和希拉里同样反对同性婚姻。而仅仅过了五年，这样的反对声音便已如此“不可接受”，以至于一个技术天才竟被自己所在的行业所排斥。

As long as the leftist mobs don't use law or violence, they're still engaged in free speech. Private employers can impose most any speech rule they choose. The First Amendment applies only to government. But now some government officials are as eager to censor as the leftist mobs.

只要左派的暴民们不使用法律和暴力，他们的声讨也算是在行使言论自由。在自己的企业里，私人雇主大可以为言论立下各种规矩。第一修正案仅仅适用于政府，但现在一些政府官员却同左翼暴民一样渴望言论审查。

After the owners of Chick-fil-A said they oppose gay marriage, the mayors of Chicago, San Francisco and Boston said Chick-fil-A is "not welcome" in their cities. San Francisco's mayor said, "The closest Chick-fil-A is 40 miles away and I strongly recommend they not try to come any closer."

当Chick-fil-A【译注：美国的一家快餐连锁店】的老板们表示他们反对同性婚姻后，芝加哥、旧金山和波士顿的市长均表示他们的城市不欢迎Chick-fil-A。旧金山市长说“Chick-fil-A最近的分店离这儿有40英里远，我强烈建议他们不要再靠近了。”

Since mayors may influence permits and zoning, their threats aren't idle. And no new Chick-fil-A outlets have opened in those cities. This is a clear violation of the First Amendment, although the politicians seem oblivious to that.

市长们能左右土地规划和经营许可的发放，因此他们的威胁并不仅仅是装腔作势。上述城市后来没有新开一家Chick-fil-A。这是对宪法第一修正案的明显违背，然而政客们却好像意识不到这一点。

Of course, much worse than today's left are those who censor through violence. Al Qaeda's magazine names people who should be killed, chirping, "A bullet a day keeps the infidel away."

Writers and artists heed the threats. CNN, NBC and The New York Times will no longer show Mohammed cartoons.

当然，比起今日的左派，那些通过暴力实施“审查”的人要坏得多。基地组织的杂志聒噪着“一天一颗子弹，让异教徒滚蛋”，点出他们认为该杀者的名字。作家和艺术家忌惮这些威胁，CNN、NBC和《纽约时报》都不再刊登穆罕默德的画像了。

I was surprised that liberal commentators were so eager to cave in to the terrorists' threats. Chris Matthews said, "Wanting to pick a fight with Islam is insane."

自由派评论员如此轻易就屈服于恐怖分子的威胁，让我感到惊讶。Chris Matthews【译注：美国著名时事评论员】说，“试图挑起同伊斯兰世界的斗争是疯狂的。”

Such cowardice just invites more censorship.

正是这种怯弱导致了更严格的审查。

When the TV series South Park was censored by its own network for depicting Mohammed, a fan of the show, liberal cartoonist Molly Norris, showed her support by drawing her own cartoons of Mohammed. For doing so, she received death threats. Fearing for her safety, she went into hiding.

当电视剧《南方公园》因为描写穆罕默德而遭受自家的有线电视网审查时，该剧的一位影迷——自由主义卡通作者Molly Norris——自行创作穆罕默德卡通形象，以示对该剧的支持，结果她收到死亡威胁。由于担心自己的安全，她躲了起来。

Columnist Mark Steyn was appalled that "Her liberal newspaper—the way they put it in announcing that she'd gone, ceased to exist , was: 'There is no more Molly.'" She hasn't been heard from in five years.

专栏作家Mark Steyn对Molly所在报社的反应感到惊骇。“她那自由派的报社在宣布她离开和人间消失的消息时，说的竟然是‘这里不再有Molly’”，之后五年都没有Molly的消息。

"The only way we're going to move to a real sense of freedom is if every time somebody puts a bullet in a cartoonist for drawing a cartoon of Mohammed," says Steyn, "every newspaper ... displays that picture."

Steyn说，“要达到真正的自由只有一条路，那就是每当一个作家因为创作穆罕默德的卡通形象而吃到一颗子弹，每一家报社都刊登这幅作品。”

Steyn argues that societies that censor create more violence by driving hate speech underground.

"You can have a society with free speech where I call you names, and you do rude drawings of me, and I say you're a hater, and we hatey-hatey-hate each other," said Steyn on my TV special, "Censorship in America," but "the alternative is the Muslim world where there's no open debate, and so there's nothing left to do but kill and bomb and shoot."

Steyn认为，一个压制仇恨言论的社会只会制造更多的暴力。“你可以选择一个言论自由的社会，我对你直呼其名，你画漫画丑化我，我骂你是个讨厌鬼，我们就这样嚷嚷着厌恶对方；”Steyn在我的电视特别节目“美国社会里的审查”里说，“你也可以选择穆斯林世界，那里没有公开的辩论，所以只剩下谋杀、爆炸和枪击可干。”

Free speech matters. If we give in to those who would shut us up, the censors will push and push until we have no freedom left. If we're going to sort out which ideas are good and which are bad, everyone must be allowed to speak.

言论自由很重要。如果我们屈服于那些想让我们闭嘴的人，那言论审查终将把我们逼向自由丧尽的境地。如果我们要分辨哪些观点是好的，哪些是坏的，我们应该让每个人都可以发声。【作者John Stossel是福克斯商业在线的一位主持人。】（编辑：辉格@whigzhou） *注：本译文未经原作者授权，本站对原文不持有也不主张任何权利，如果你恰好对原文拥有权益并希望我们移除相关内容，请私信联系，我们会立即作出响应。 ——海德沙龙·翻译组，致力于将英文世界的好文章搬进中文世界——