海德沙龙

Over a quarter of enrolments in rural India are in private schools 超过四分之一的印度乡村学童就读于私立学校 作者：ANITA JOSHUA @ 2014-1-16

译者：陆嘉宾（@晚上不买白天买不到）  校对：陈小乖（@lion_kittyyyyy）

制图：amen（@治愈系历史）

来源：THE HINDU， http://www.thehindu.com/features/education/school/over-a-quarter-of-enrolments-in-rural-india-are-in-private-schools/article5580441.ece 【插图】

插图翻译从左到右，从上到下依次为：

印度乡村教育状况成绩单。

6-14岁年龄组适龄入学儿童中的29%进入了私立学校——七年间超过10%的涨幅。6-14岁年龄组适龄入学儿童的入学率保持在较高的水平，超过96%的孩子进入学校学习。11-14岁年龄组适龄入学女童的失学比例从2012年的6%下降到了2013年的5.5%。曼尼普尔邦拥有最高的私立学校入学率——70%，在公立学校相当不错的喀拉拉邦，依旧有68.6%的适龄儿童进入私立学校。孩子们的阅读能力没有显著提升，并且对解决基本算数问题仍有困难。24.1%的6-14岁儿童参加额外的付费辅导班。

Even as the Right to Education and the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan have made access to elementary education a reality for 99 per cent villages across the country, more than a quarter of enrolments in rural India are in private schools.

尽管受惠于《免费义务教育法案》和《全民教育计划》，全印度99%的村庄提供了初等教育机会，但仍有超过1/4的农村学龄儿童就读于私立学校。

As per the ninth Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), released here on Wednesday, 29 per cent of enrolments in the six-to-14 age-group are in private schools. This is a 10 per cent increase in seven years from 18.7 per cent in 2006 to 29 per cent in 2013.

根据周三发布的第九份《印度教育年度报告手册》（ASER），6-14岁年龄组入学儿童中29%进入了私立学校。从2006年的18.7%到2013年的29%，七年间私立学校就读率共增长了10 个百分点。

While this reflects a shifting of public faith in government schools, the growing preference for private schools is also indicative of a willingness to invest in a child’s education by parents who very often are themselves illiterate.

这一增长反映了公众对政府所办公立学校的信心发生了转变，同时，对私立学校的偏好的提升，也反映了父母愿意为子女教育而投资，尽管这些父母本人多半是文盲。

The preference for private schools is not necessarily reflective of the quality of public schooling. In Kerala, where the quality of public schools and teaching was found to be fairly good, 68.6 per cent of all children in the elementary level were in private schools. Manipur recorded the highest private school enrolment at 70 per cent.

对私立学校的偏好未必反映公立学校的质量。在公立学校和教育资源都相当不错的喀拉拉邦，依旧有68.6%的小学儿童在私立学校接受教育。曼尼普尔邦拥有最高的私立学校就读率——70%。

Other States and Union Territories with a high percentage of elementary school children in private institutions include Puducherry (54.3 per cent), Haryana (51.4 per cent), Uttar Pradesh (49 per cent), Punjab (46.7 per cent), Jammu & Kashmir (45.5 per cent) and Meghalaya (45.3 per cent). As with private schooling, there is also a growing prevalence of private tuitions among elementary school students. The figure stands at 24.1 per cent.

其他在私立教育机构接受小学生比例较高的邦和联邦属地有：本地治里直辖区（54.3%），哈里亚纳邦（51.4%），北方邦（49%），旁遮普邦（46.7%），查谟-克什米尔邦（45.5%），梅加拉亚邦（45.3%）。除了上私立学校，这些小学生中间还流行起一股接受私人辅导的风潮，统计表明，这个比例达到了24.1%。

Taking note of this trend, Planning Commission Deputy Chairman Montek Singh Ahluwalia said while the State should keep putting money into school education, the time might have come for a re-think on the more controversial issue of whether it should all go into government schools.

印度国家计划委员会副主席Montek Singh Ahluwalia先生在注意到这一趋势之后指出，虽然国家应该持续继续保持对教育的投入，但现在是时候重新考虑这个更具争议性问题了——所有政府教育补贴都应进入公立学校吗？。

As for the poor learning outcomes of children in government schools, Mr. Ahluwalia sought to give some perspective to the otherwise bleak picture that emerged out of the statistics. In his view, poor learning outcomes would remain a problem for another decade or two since many of the children getting enrolled now are first generation learners with no back-up at home.

而谈到公立学校孩子学习成绩差的问题，Ahluwalia先生尝试从统计数据描绘出的惨淡景象中找出看待问题的新视角。在他看来，学习成绩差这一问题还将持续十年甚至二十年，因为许多现在入学的孩子是家里第一代上学者，他们很难从家里获得学习上的帮助。

While there was no significant improvement in children’s ability to read or deal with basic arithmetic, the better percentage recorded in reading ability from 38.8 per cent in 2012 to 40.2 per cent in 2013 has been courtesy the better performance of private school children.

虽然学校的孩子们在阅读和完成基本算术问题的能力上没有显著的提升，但是私立学校在提高学生阅读能力上的更好表现还是得到了认可，阅读成绩从2012年的38.8%提升到了2013年的40.2%。

According to Madhav Chavan, president of Pratham Education Foundation — which has been carrying out this survey since 2005— the preference for private education is not just because of the clear failure of government schools to deliver on basic achievements in learning, but also mirrors growing urbanisation and increase in wealth and access to the external world and information. On urbanisation, he said, it was not just migration but includes increasing urban influence on rural population; thanks to television penetration.

据Pratham基金会主席Madhav Chavan认为（该教育基金会自2005年就开展了这项调查），对私立教育的偏好不仅仅是因为公立学校不能很好地完成初等教育任务，还反映出了城市化的发展、财富的增加，以及对外部世界的接触和对外部信息的获取。。关于城市化的影响，他还说，这不仅体现在人口迁移，还体现在，得益于电视的普及，乡村人口越来越多地受到城市的影响。

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